Governing mechanism for fluid-actuated motors.



No.A 820,913. PATENTED MAY 15,Y 1906.

' VLGJJALLABL GOVBRNING MECHANISM FORYPLUID AGTUATED MOTORS.

APPLICATION FILED PEB.23.1905.

2 SHEETS-SHEET .1.

7 lll/lll A IHII f IHVentQr John G. Cal lah, By

PATENTED MAY15, 1906.

J. G. CALLAN. GOVERNING MEOHANISM POR FLUID lAGIUA'IED MOTORS.

APPLICATION FILED FEB.23. 1905.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Witnesses:

mtby.

. a f .me/ n. .m

srA'rns VPATENT orricn.

JOHN G. OALLAN, OF LYNN, MSSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO `GENERAL ELEO'IRIOCOMPANY, A'OORPORATION' OF NEW YORK.

4GuQVlFlNlNG. NBECHANlSlVI FOR FLUID-ACTUATED MOTORS.

p No, 320,913.

Patented May 15, 1906.

Application led February 23, 1905. Serial No. 248,360 l .'Z'o all whomity/nay concern:

' Be it known that l, JOHN G. OALLAN, a citizen of the United States,residingat Lynn, county of Essex, State of Massachusetts,

- haveinvented certain new and useful ImrovementsV inV GoverningMechanism for 4luid-Actuated Motors, of which the followw ing is aspecification.

The present invention relates to valve lmechanism for elastic-fluidmotors, and has for its object to provide animprovedvalve mechanism forcontrolling the admiss1on oi motive fluid thereto in accordance with the"the direction ofthe arrow. Fig. 4 is a per* spective view of theemergency-'valve and.

part of its actuating mechanism.' Fig. 5 is a 'perspective view, on anenlarged scale, of the trigger and cooperating parts arranged to causethe emergency-valve to snut on a predetermined increase'in speed; andFig. 6 is a detail view of a part -oi the apparatus which is shown inFig. 5.

' 1 represents the main. shaft of the turbine, on which is mounteda-bucket-wheel 2, having one or more rows of buckets for abstractingenergy fromthe motive fluid. These ter.- Int buckets may be mounted onthe sides or on the periphery of the wheel, as desired. In the 'presentinstance three rows ol peripheral buckets are shown; but a greater orless number. can be employed, if desired. Between the rows ofwheebbuckets are other buckets,

be stationary l,or rotar in charace present instance the uckets arestationary and are carried .by the ,Wheel-case which may ing 4. Thecasing may be of any suitable construction and is provided withanexhaust opening 5. lIn'order to prevent the escape' of motive `fluidfrom lthe. casing vat pointsfadjacent .to

thewheel, suitablepackings 6 are employed,

l. which may engage with the hub of the wheel, as shown,'orw1th theshaft or vother part driven thereby. .On the end of the wheelshaftismounted a governor or speed-responsive device 7, comprising pairs olweights 8 and a suitable opposing spring. The weights are supported in a'suitable framework 9, which also carries one or more lat springs 10,that actuate the emergency-valvewhen the speed of the-shaft exceeds aredetermined amount. These springs may ide and preferably are of theclock-spring type, as shown in Fig. 3. As the speed increases abnormallythe springs wind. up and the free ends engage the trigger that causes'the valve to close. Bolted to the side `of the casing is a valve chest1 1, which is provided with an inlet-'pes sage 12, communicating ywith asource of fluidpressure and the passages 13 and .14,

cating with the fluid-discharge device 151 The said device is providedwith one or more other motive fluid against the wheel-buckets.

The passages IS-and 14 in the present ar rangement supply motive fluidto four nozzie-sections, each passage supplying two sections. Ditferentarrangements may, however, be provided without departing from theinvention. Formed in the valve-casing is a cylinder 16, which is closedat the lower end by a plug 17 and contains the pistonvalves 18 and 19.The 4former controls the admission of steam to the passage 14 and thelatter .to the passage 13. passages are so arranged that the passage 13mayvbe'entirely cut oil while the passage 14 is in service. I may useone, two, or more yvalves for regulating the admission of motive lluidto the rotating element or bucketwheel. the valves 18 and 19 is atubular stem 2G. Mounted upon this stem above the u per controlling;valve is a sleeve 21.` shown in ig. 4.) This 'sleeve is secured to thetubular stem 20 by a pin or other suitable means and is provided withtwoV projections with' slots 24', formed in extensions on the valve 25.Thepr'ojections 22 .and 23., `movscoping joint or .lost-motionlco'nne`ctio1`1,.so

(shown in dotted lines,) the latter communi 'ing in the slots 24,` ineiectconstitute a tele-l vpassages or sections which discharge'steam orThe valves and Extending through the plug 17 and 'i est' 'y 22 and 523,which are adapted to register under side of the emergency y or shut'-oli' l projections 26 and 27- engage with shoulders- -vided with two camprojections 26 and in motion of the va Willen the valve 25 is movedupward 'with re` that the emergency or shut-off valve can move up anddown with respect to the sleeve, and, conversely, the vshut-off valvemay be locked in its open position while the controlling-valvemovestoward and away from it in opening and closing its-ports. Theprojections also serve to valve in either direction about its axis asthe tubular stem 20 is moved. In this `connection it should be notedvthat the tubular stem 20 has a reciprocating motion and also anoscillatory motion, as` will hereinafter appear;

The emergency or shut-ofi' valve is pro- 27, the upper ends of which arebeveled to engage with projections 28, formed on the hubikev extension29 of the head 30, the latter .containing a chamber for lubricant'. Thehub l projection -is also provided with slots 31, somewhat after thefashion of a bayonetjoint. j The walls of one or both of the slots formstops for lirnitin the angular or twistve in both directions.

spect to the projection 29, the beveled ends of the projections 26 and27, engaging with suitable beveled surfaces on the stationaryprojections 28, give it a slight twisting movement to the right. Whenthe valve is ermitted to drop slightly, the'lower. ends o the ormed inthe part 29. This tendency of the f'valve torotate to a given positionis 'assisted by the coiled compression-spring .'32, of

which spring, the primary function is that of closing the valve 25whenever it is released, as will be described hereinafter. It will beseen that the projections 26 27 on the valve and the shoulders on thestationary projection29 of thehead form a lock for holding the valveopen and that the locking and unsis v rated with a lubricant.-

locking is accomplished stem 20.

The upper end of the tubular valve-stem ZO'eXtends into a head30,'which, for convenience, also forms an oil or grease carryingchamber; but this latter feature can be ornitted,' if desired. The headis secured in place b a number of bolts, and between the body of7 eachbolt and the surrounding metal is a certain amount of space, so that thehead can be rotated for the purpose of adjusting the position of thetrigger that releasesl the emergency or stop valve, as will appearhereinafter. The chamber of the headlis partially .filled with asbestosor waste which is satu- Any j leakage of steam into the chamber tendst'loat the oil vinto the open end of the valve-stem( 20 and convey itdownward to a `point where it will .lubricate the portion of the stempassing rotate the shut-0H through the valvel'tially horizontal:

setting device 43 In order to reciprocate the controllingvalves 18 and19, a connection in the form of a bell-crank lever 35 is provided,having a fulcrum 36. The lever is connected to the speed-responsivedevice 7 by a rod'37, having a ballon its outer end that able adjustablebearing in the lever. The le- .ver is made hollow andis filled with somefibrous material which acts as a wick to supply lubricant to thespherical bearing. Situ-- ated directly above the opening in the leveris an oil-hole 38, by means of which the fibrous material in the levercan be saturated with oil. The oil in the u per portion of the wick willlubricate the 'sp erical bearing lby gravis seated in a suitity, whilethe lower portionof the fibrous material will act as a Wick to. raisethe oil sufli- Vciently in case the supply islow to lubricate the bearinIn this way the supply of lubricant wil last for a considerable time..The only channel of egress for lubricant fed from time to time intollever space surrounding the rod4 37. As the oil gradually finds its wayout of this opening it will be picked up by the currents of air due tothe fan-like action of certain of the parts of the governor and will bethrown outward in fine spray, thus lubricating the parts of thegovernor.

The casing surrounding the governor and bell-crank lever is providedwith a drainageopening on the under side, which may be valved or not, asdesired. The rod 37 may be rotated with thev shaft-governor-or not, asdesired. I may employ one or more suitable bearings or slip-jointsbetween the rod, governor, and bell-crank lever 35. The bellcrank lever'is composed of two, rincipal parts 39 and 40, the former exten 'ngsubstantially vertical andthe latter substanmon to the two parts. To thepart 40 of the lever is-secured a Hat spring 42, which engages asuitable surface on the portion 39 of the bell-crank' lever and normallyholds the two parts together, as shown. The object of this arran ementis to permit the emergency or stop va ve to be reset by means of therewith a handle 4,1, located outside the easing) irrespective of theposition of the portion39 of the bell-crank lever and of the rod 37 andparts of the speed-governor. an arrangement the rod 37 might be buckledin setting the emergency-valve, and thusdestroy its usefulness.YVZ'Inother cases the tension; of the spring'wouldbe too great to beOvercome by the resetting device. As the speed of the turbine. variesthe'lower end ofv t 35 is through the The lfulcrum 46 is com-'- (thelatter being provided Without such" IOO e bell-crank lever is moved backand forth according :to the conditions, and the motion is transmittedthrough' the bellcrank lever esente to the valvestem 2U, the lattermoving the valves 18 and 19 back and forth over the supplypass ages tothe nozzles, and thus varying the supply of motive fluid to the buckets.The operation ci the emergency mechant ismvwill now be described. fishas already been said, nthe steam-valve has a reciprocating motion iorcontrolling p'ui jioses and in addition to that an oscillatory motion.for o io erating the emergency or shut-oi valve. l.n Fig. 5 is shown aperspective oi the mechanism employed for oscillating the valvestem.v2() represents the lower end oi the valve-stern, which passes looselythrough a block 43, the r 5 latter being provided with trunnions 44,that enter openings in and are supported by the forked end of thehorizontal portion 40 ci the bell-crank lever. This bloclr is heldbetween a shoulder or collar and a "lshaped piece zo 46, the latterhaving a square opening through. which the end of thel stempasses, and tie Whole is secured in place by a screvwtbread and nut. it will thus beseen. that the -blocli 43 and lsha ied piece 46 move up and down. a 5With the va vestem in response to speed changes occurring in normalgovernin The liront face 47 of t ie vertical portion ogthc "l shapedApiece 46 ismade flat, and en raging .therewith is a projection or pincarried y the arm 48, thelatter being mounted upon. the s indie 4.9. Onthe opposite end of the spin eis a trigger 50, that is adapted to beactuated by the clock spring or springs 10, vFig. 3, mounted on theframe oi the shaft-governor.

j 35 The trigger 50 is normally held by the spring 51 in the pathfollowed by the emergente or clock-spring governor when it is entende byy centrifugal :torce lat excessive speed. The spindle 49 is carried bysuitable bearings 52, vas is clearly shown inFig. 2. f Thetrigger 50extends through an opening formed in the stationary ring or dampingdevice 53, the latter surrounding the shaft-governor and be ing locatedin the path oi the extended clock-- springs 10, Fig. 3. The object ofthis ring is to prevent the s rings from vibrating, strik ing theretracto trigger, and possibly brealru ing after the emergency or stopvalve has been tripped by the trigger. Assuming that 5oi the trig er 5()is moved in the direction ofthe arrow', ig. 5, the pin 'on the arm 48will enn f gage the face 47 oi the 'T-shaped piece 46 and oscillate thevalveetem 20 in the direction of the arrow, and since thos'ieeve 21,Fig. 4, is

i -5 rigidly secured. to the stein it Will rotate the emergency orstopvalve .25 also in the direction oi the arrow, and this in turn willcause the projections 26 and 2'? to slip od the shoulders formed in .the.slots 31 in the stationary iece29, andthe compression-spring 32 Wi lorce'the valve downward and. close it, this closure being assistedby'tlie steain-pressure in theeonduit 12. Owing to the fact that theface 47 of the 'lsha ed piece 46 is vdat o5 and extends parallel to t evalveetein 2G, it

`tion or adjustment.

maires no dii'ierence what position the valvestein'occupies when thetrigger is struck by the cloclrspring the shut-off valve will close.rl`his l consider to be an important feature of the invention. -When, itis desired to reset 7d. the emergency-valve, the arm 43a, Fig. 1, isrotated ina cioclrwise direction, which raises the outer end of the-part4() of the bell-crank lever against the tension of the spring 42 untilthe projections 26 and 27 on the valve are 7 5 thrown into position toengage With the shoulders on the part 29, after Which the set device ismoved to the os'ition shown. In resetting the shutoff va ve the steam tothe supply-passage 12 should be eut ofi. 'It has 8o been, stated thatlthe osition of the trigger can be adjusted from. t eoutside ofthe vavecasing by'adjusting the head 30. This is done in the following manner:Theretainingbolts are 'first loosened and theny th tated slightly in onedirection or the other, as the casemay be Tliismotionfis transmitted tothe valve-stein through the parts. 29, 25,y and 2l oi Fig. 4and-rotating the valve-stem in one direction or the other will move theflat face 47 of the 'l'-shaped piece 46 at the end of the valvostemtoward or away from the axis of the trigger-carrying spindle 48. Obvi,ously as the tace 47 is moved toward or away from the spindlethe an ularposition of the arm. 48, and therefore ci the trigger 50,1 Will bechanged. in other Words, the end of the trigger is nearer or farther awafrom the axis oi thhe main shaft; and the critical speed of Y which theemergencygovernor operates is roo changed. The adjustment shown is aliinited one, because only a very slight adjustment is necessar but itcan be increased, if de sired as Wi l be readily understood. The primaryobject, however, of moving the tri ger as described is to so place itthat it Wil almost retreat Within the limiting and protect.- ing. orbit53 when the emergencyfvalve is tripped. The action of theemergency-governor is,l as a rule, very nearly isochronous. It will beseen that the governor is mounted in a chamber which is cut oi from thesteamspace and that the casing inclosing it can be `removed orrcplacedwhen the turbine lis 1n operation.` By inclosin'g the governor and y115other parts as described they are protected tromV injury, as Well asfrom dust and dirt, and are yet readily accessible for exainina- I l mayuse my invention in connection with various forms of elastic izo iiuidmotors, since it is not limited to the particular type shown. In eventof its being used with a turbine it applies to reactionas Well as jet orimpact machines or to maw V shines embodying the'features of both. V l lr2 5 in accordance. with the provisions ci the patent statutes I havedescribed the priuciple ci operation `oi my invention,y together withthe a paratus which l now consider to represent t e best embodimentthereof; but i39 bination of a desire to have it understood that theapparatus shown is only illustrative and that the invention can becarried out by other means. What I claim as new, and desire to secure byLetters Patent of the United States, is-

1. In a governing mechanism, the com'- bination of a controlling-valve,a shut-bilE valve, a sing ev actuator for actuating thecontrolling-valve and tripping the shut-off valve, anda means' formoving the actuator. 2. In a governing mechanism, thelcomcontrolling-valve, a shut off valve, a governor, and a leveractuated 'by the governorwhich moves the vcontrolling'- valveunderino'rmal conditions, and the shutoil1 valve under abnormalconditions. i

3. A Huid-actuated motor in combination with.` a regulating-valve, ashut-olf valve, an actuator' common to the valves, a speed-responsivedevice acting through the actuator to move the regulating-valve togovern the motor, and a second speed-responsive device sion of motiveacting independently of the rst for actuating the shut-oil' valvethrough the actuator.

4. A fluid-actuated motor, in combination -with a regulating-valve, ashut'- oli" valve, an actuator common to the valves, a speed-responsivedevice for reciprocating the actuator and the regulating-valve to governthe admission of Huid to the motor, and a second speed-responsive deviceacting under emergency conditions to close the shut-ofi valve.

5, 'In a governing mechanism,the combination of a valve for controllingthe admisiuid to the bucket-Wheel, a shut-oil' valve, an actuator commonto the valves, a load-responsive device, and a means actuated by theload-responsive device for ply of motive fluid, and

movement to the actuator ltor closing thev reciprocating theactuator tocontrol the supfor imparting rotary shuttmg-oif valve. l

' 6. In a governing mechanism, the combination of a reciprocating valvefor controlthe admission of motive fluid to the `buclret-Wheeha shut-offvalve, a valve-stem through which the piston and shut-O valves i'.bination o 'ing the controlling-valve, an

are actuated, and a speed-responsive device.

which reciprocates the stem for governing the supply of motive fluid androtates it'for actuating the cut-oil' valve.

7. Ina

valve, a speed-responsive device for actuatactuator which is common tothe valves, and an emergencygovernor actuated by the shaftfor turningthe shut-0H valve about its axis by means of the actuator When it isdesired to'operate it.

S, A Huid-actuated -motor' in combination` Witha regulating-valve, ashut-off actuator common to both olding the shut-oil valve valve, anvalves, a lock for open, a telescoperock the actuator and' overningmechanism, the com- I a controlling-valve, a shut-oil.

the shut-off valve, and a second speed-responsive device for moving theshut-off valve Without changing the positionof the controlling-valve.

10. In combination, a Huid-actuated mol tor, a speed-responsive device,a valve controlling the admission of :fluid to the motor, a support forthe'valve, a projection or lock between the valve and support arrangedto hold the valve in al and a connection between the speed-responsivedevice and the valve for disengaging the valve and projection or lock.

11. In combination, a fluid-actuated motor, a speed-responsive devicedriventhereby, a valve controlling the admission of fluid to the motor,a support for the valve, a lock for holding the valve in a givenposition, a cam for setting the valve, and a stop for limiting themovement of the valve.

12. In a governing mechanism, the combination of a shut-olfA valve, alock for holding the valve in an open position, and a means responsiveto abnormal increases in s eed for rotating the valve in a direction toun ook it and ermit thesame to close.

13.` Ih a governing mechanism, the cornbination of a controlling-valve,a shut-olf valve, a single stem for reciprocating the control g'- valveand releasing the shut off valve, a lock for the shut-oil' valve whichis controlled by the stem, and a spring for seating the shut-off valve.

14. In a .governing mechanism, the cornbination of a controlling-valve,ashut-off valve, a lock Which normally holds the shutoff valve open, ameans for closing the valve,.. and a lever actuated by the governor formoving the controlling-valve and releasing the shut-oil' valve.

driven thereby, avalve controlling the admission of fluid predeterminedposition,

IOO

to the motor, a hollow lever transmitting mo- 'i tion from thespeed-responsive device to the valve, a casing lnclosing thespeed-responsive device and lever, and a means for supplying lubricanttothe interiorofthe lever for 1u ricati'ng' the parts. a Y

16e.v n a governing mechanism, vthe combination ofa Valve, avspeed-responsive device, a connection between the valve and saiddevioe,and a'means for lubricating the joint between the connection andthe device which also supplies the lubricant for the stem thereforhaving suitable guides, a lubricant-containing chamber whichcommunicates With the interior of the stem and discharges lubricant intoit, as the Water due to condensation rises in the chamber, and aspeed-responsive device for moving thesteni and the valve.

18. In a governing mechanism, the combination of a valve and its casing,a tubular stemthereor having suitable guides, a lubricant-containingchamber which communie cates with the interior of the ystem anddischarges lubricant into it and to the guides, as

the Water due to expansion and condensation rises inthe chamber,`apassage discharging lubricant and Water from the valve-stein into theWheel-casing, and a speed-responsive de vice for moving said stem andvalve.

19. In a governing mechanism, the combination of a controlling-valve, ashut-oit valve,v a stem that is common to both valves, aspeed-responsive device, a connection between the speed-responsivedevice and the valve'stem composed of tWoV principal parts which areVmovable With` respect to each other, a means for actuatingthe shutoii`valve, and a device for resetting lthe shut-oilI valve Which actsthrough the said connection.

20. In a governing mechanism, the combination of a shut-.off valve, aspeed-responsive device, a stem for, movi-ng the valve, a twopart leverconnected to the valve and the speed-responsive device, an emergencygovernor for causing the valve `to close, and a device acting upon oneportion of the lever for resetting the valve.

21. In a governingmechanism, the combination of a controlling-valve, astem for actu 'ating it, a governor, a ltwo-part bell-crank lever foroperating the valve, oneV art being connected to the valve and the ot erto the overnor, and a chamber in one part of the ever which carrieslubricant for the governor.

22. `In a governing mechanism, the combination of a shut-off valve, agovernor, .a trig-l geractuated by the governor for closing the valve, acasing Which incloses. the trigger and '-governoi, and ain'eans'locatedexternal to l f'ss I tien to the st em for adjusting' the position ofthe tri ger-with respect to the governor.

2a. n a governing mechanism, the'combination of a valve, aspeed-responsive device -valve is actuated.

for moving the valve, a casingwhicli incloses the valve, and meansexterior of the casing for changing theV critical 25. In combination, afluid-actuated mo tor, a speed-responsive device driven by the motor, avalve controlling the admission of fluid to the motor, a stem Jfor thevalve, a lever attached to the'speed-responsive device which. isprovided with a forked end, and a trunnion-block located in the fork,which is attached to the valve-stem.

26. In a governing mechanism, the combination of a shut-ol` valve, agovernor, a stem :lor actuating thefvalve, a lever which connects thestem With the governor, a block pivotally mounted in thelever throughWhich the valve-stem extends, a means attached to the valve-stem foroscillating it,"a trigger acting on said means to oscillate thevalve-stem, and a means sensitive to s eed variations for moving thetrigger when t e speed exceeds a predeterminedv am cunt.

27. In combination, a fluid-actuated motor, a speedresponsive devicedriven theree by, a valve controlling the admission of fluid to themotor, a support for the valve, a lock for holding the valve in a'givenposition, a' cam for setting the valve, a sto for limiting the movementof the valve, .an ia spring for seating the valve when. the lock isreleased.

speed at which the 28. In combination, a itluid-actuated niotor, avalve-chest mounted thereon, a valve mounted therein, a speed-responsivedevice driven by the motor, means transmitting motion from thevspeed-responsive device to the valve, and a support for the means Whichiscarried bythe valve-chest.

29. In combination, a Huid-actuated motor, a speed-responsivedevice/driven by the motor, a valve actuated by the speederesponsivedevice for controlling the motor, a perrorated stem for the valve, ahead through which the stem passes, and an opening com municating withthe perforation in the stem and the motor-casingso that leakage around`the stem is conveyed into the motor-casing.

30. In a governing mechanism, the combi nation of a movable element, avalveforregulating the action of the motive luid upon the element, asecond valve for shutting off the fluid to said element, an actuatorwhich is reciprocated to move the regulating-valve and oscillated tomove the sl1ut-off valve, and a load-responsive device for moving theactuator.

31. A 'fluid-actuated motor, in combination With a regulating-valve, ashut-off valve, an actuator common to the valves, and means responsiveto load changes acting through the actuator to move the regulating-valveand also the shutoff valve.

32. -A 'fluid-'actuated motor, in combination -with a regulating-valve,-a shut-oil valve, a stem common to both valves, and a load- IOC IOS

IIO

IZO

` responsive means for reeifprooating the stem common to the valves, andspeed-responsive to move one valve and or oscillating it to means actingthrough the stem on thevalves. ro move the other valve. In Witnesswhereof I have hereunto set my 33. A luidlaetuated motor having indehandthis 17th day of February, 1905.

5 pendent admission-ports, in combination with l v JOHN G. `CALLAN.

valves larranged to move back and forth over Witnesses: A the ports andout them into and out of service J oH A. MoMANUs, Jr., successively, anemergency-valve; a stem i DUGALD MCK. MCKILLOP.;

